How much caffeine is in decaf?
In the United States federal regulations require that in order to label coffee as "decaffeinated" that coffee must have had its caffeine level reduced by no less than 97.5 percent.
Example: Panamanian coffee is about 1.36% caffeine by weight normally. This and many other arabica coffees are about 98.64% caffeine free even before anything is done to lower the caffeine content.
When 97% of the caffeine has been removed only .0408 % of the coffee weight is caffeine. About 4/10ths of 1%. At this level it is labeled "decaffeinated. How roasters label their products is another matter. Suppose two roasters roast Panama coffee that originally came from the same lot, and were decaffeinated together in the same vat. One roaster labels his decaf. "97% Caffeine Removed." The other says his is "99+% Caffeine Free." Which roaster is not telling the truth?
The answer is: They are both right. They are both essentially saying the same thing. But, which decaf. does the average consumer believe has the least caffeine?
Currently used solvents for decaffeinating coffee include, H2O (water), CO2 (Carbon Dioxide), Meth. Chloride, Ethyl Acetate. Note: A relatively new method called Swiss Water Decaffeinated uses "flavor-charged" water in the decaffeination process.
Drip is the most common form of coffee served in the United States. This
method essentially pours near-boiling water over medium-course coffee
grounds to produce coffee. This is probably the easiest method of making
coffee. A few words about filters: There are two types of filter
available for drip coffee. One type is paper. The other is a metal or
plastic permanent filter. Neither is innately better but they do produce
different coffee flavors. A paper filter will hold some of the essential
oils that are being released from the coffee. Some people have a
preference for this. In paper filters there are several brands that have
various thickness and types of paper that will absorb more or less of
the oils. One selling point for paper filters is that they are very easy
to clean up; just throw them away. This of course means more landfill
and more trees being cut down. Some people also feel that paper filters
give coffee a papery taste. The permanent filter has some obvious
advantages and disadvantages in relation to paper. I will add just a
couple of ideas about them here. One, use metal; plastic won't last as
long and may give your coffee an off flavor. Two, permanent filters
require a slightly courser grind and you may get some sediment in your
cup. This is probably comparable to the sediment in a coffee press.
A French press is a glass container with a wire mesh attached to a
plunger. To make coffee, you first allow water to come very close to a
boil but just short of this point. If you are heating water in an open
pan, when you see the very beginning of a boil, pull your water. The
overall temperature of the water from top to bottom should even out to
be in the ideal range for coffee. If you are using a closed tea pot,
this is the point where the water just begins to sound different in the
pot. The press should be pre-warmed before putting the coffee in. This
will help keep the glass from absorbing as much heat when the hot water
is put in the press thus making for warmer coffee when you pour. The
press should contain approximately the same amount of very coarsely
ground coffee as you would use for drip coffee. Let it rest for 2-3
minutes or until it is easy to press the plunger down and then plunge
the wire mesh. This filters the coffee. Course ground coffee is a must
here or there will be a great deal of sediment in the cup. You will have
a small amount of sediment no mater what. Due to the fact that there is
no paper filter, all oils make it into the cup. This is a great cup of
coffee.
The buildup of steam in the lower bowl forces the water up into the
funnel, where it mixes with the ground coffee. A quick stir wets the
grounds into the water, and a small amount of water left behind in the
bowl keeps the steam coming and the temperature constant. Brewing
continues for 2 minutes (it can go longer but you don't get any more
flavor) and we then take the siphon off the hotplate. With no more steam
being produced, a vacuum forms in the bowl, which sucks the brewed
coffee down through the filter. I hear this gives a great cup of coffee
and is quite fun to watch.
Cona (the original) in England, Hario in Japan, and Yama Glass in Taiwan
and Bodum make vacuum pots. Corey & Silex used to make them in the U.S.
and Sunbeam also made a metal model with built-in heating.
Percolators violate most of the natural laws about brewing coffee. Don't over extract the oils and flavor. Percolators work by taking coffee and reheating it and throwing it over the grounds over and over
and over again.
Never reheat/boil coffee. This destroys the flavor. For best flavor,
boil the water, pass it over the grounds and retain the heat. Don't
reheat it.
Violating these rules may not sound like much, but these are about the
only rules there are. The effect of a percolator is to keep passing
boiling water/coffee over the grounds until there is no flavor left and
the flavor in the coffee is so dead that it's a worthless waste.
A single shot of espresso is about 30ml. It should take between 18-25
seconds for the water to pass through the coffee grinds. Espresso is
made by forcing hot, not boiling water, through finely ground coffee at
high pressure, typically 9 - 14 atmospheres. This is achievable with
pump driven or hydraulic (crank - lever) espresso machines, not steam
powered machines which make "strong coffee".
1. Drip
2. French Press
3. Vacuum
4. Percolator
5. Espresso